The CLEVER project has achieved Milestone 9, marking an important step in the development of a common set of fuel and energy specifications to support more harmonised and transparent emissions accounting across transport modes.
As part of Task 3.2, led by WSP with the support of IFEU, Emisia and Smart Freight Centre, the project has developed a set of preliminary fuel and energy pathway infosheets. These resources provide structured information on selected fuel and energy carriers, including their production pathways, key specifications, and relevant end uses.
The infosheets provide a clear and consistent overview of fuel pathways, key assumptions, and fuel specifications that underpin the energy and emissions modelling used to derive well-to-wheel and/ or well-to-wake greenhouse gas emission factors. These infosheets should, at this stage, be considered preliminary resources and are subject to further refinement through informed review and ongoing developments within the CLEVER project. They provide a high-level overview of the selected fuel pathways, key assumptions, and technical specifications; however, certain methodological elements are still under development.
In addition, indicative greenhouse gas (GHG) emission factor breakdowns by lifecycle stage are yet to be included. These will be added as the methodology matures and as fuel-specific emission factors for each pathway are established through the finalised CLEVER methodological framework.
The following preliminary infosheets are currently available:
- Liquified Biomethane (LBM) via Anaerobic Digestion & Upgrading of Biogas (AD-BIOMET-MAN_WCMAIZ)
- Fossil Fuels via Crude Oil Refining (CRUD REF-PDKSO)
- Grid Electricity – Fossil (mix) (EL-GRID-MULT)
- Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) Biodiesel via Esterification (EST-FAME-RAPO_UCO)
- Alcohol-to-Jet Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene via Catalytic dehydration and oligomerisation (FERM-ATJ-MAIZ-WHEATSTRW)
- Bio-ethanol via Fermentation (FERM-ETOH-MAIZE-WHEATSTRW)
- Fischer Tropsch Fuels via Lignocellulosic Biomass Gasification and Fischer Tropsch Synthesis (GAS_FT- FTGDK-FORRES)
- Fischer Tropsch Fuels via Solid Waste Gasification and Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (GAS_FT-FTGDK-MSW)
- Biomethanol via Lignocellulosic Residue Gasification and Methanol Synthesis (GAS_MEOH-FORRES)
- Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil and Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids Production via Hydrotreatment of Rapeseed Oil and Waste Cooking Oil (HYD-HVO_HEFA-RAPO_UCO)
- Fossil LNG and CNG Production via Natural Gas Liquefaction (LIQ-CNG_LNG-NG)
- Pyrolysis of End-of-Life Tyres and Upgrading of Tyre Pyrolysis Oil (PYRO-UPO-ELT)
- Ammonia via Renewable Electrolysis and Haber Bosch Synthesis (RENEL_HB-NH4-H2_N2)
- Power-to-Liquid via Renewable Hydrogen and Fossil or Biogenic CO₂ Point Sources (RENELECTRO-PTL-H2_CO2)
- Renewable Electricity – Multiple sources, plus, EU Member State grid mix renewables (RENEL-ELECTRICITY-MULT)
- Renewable Hydrogen via Water Electrolysis Using Renewable Energy (RENEL-H2-WATER)
- Hydrogen via Steam Methane Reforming with and without Carbon Capture and Storage (SMR_CCS-H2-NG)
- Methanol via Steam Methane Reforming of Natural gas (SMR-MEOH-NG)
These resources are now available through the ALICE Knowledge Platform / CLEVER repository as downloadable materials.
By making these preliminary infosheets available, CLEVER aims to support stakeholders, experts, policymakers, and practitioners with accessible information on fuel and energy pathways relevant to emissions accounting. The infosheets will also support ongoing work under CLEVER’s methodology development, including the continued refinement of fuel emission factor calculations and the integration of stakeholder feedback.
